11.-BIG BANG. ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

According to the hypothesis that I raise in these pages, the origin of our universe would be Planck's particle with energy density 1,23 10⁹³ g/cc, a radius of Planck's length and age Planck time, generated by the collapse of a massive star in the nucleus of a young galaxy in an universe but old that ours of which we would be " son ". This phenomenon would be easily assimilable to what now we can observe like cuasar. With a simple calculation, we can see that during the first second the universe grew up to 2 10³⁸ g. If we calculate the temperatures in diverse moments of his history (every moment is characterized by an entire number N) knowing the density ρ = 3 m_p / 8 π N² l_p³, we can verify that the temperatures correspond faithfully to the theoretical ones of the universe according to the standard version of the Big Bang.

We could consider it like the moment of the conception of a universe. Next I will try to give a personal interpretation to the results found in the previous epigraphs

The hypothesis on which this model is based proposes a universe with six macroscopic dimensions, three temporary, three spatial and three microscopic ones. These dimensions are born when arising the diverse types of events, that is to say, the universe history would not be a succession of events developed in these dimensions, but the appearance of diverse types of events that it will give place to the dimensionality from the universe when being observed (the interactions is the observation mechanisms), the dimensions of the universes are parameters that allow to describe the events.

Naturally all the events did not have to arise at the beginning of the universe. The first event (Big Bang) defines the cosmological coordinate t₃ and is generated by the unified interaction (interaction between universes). Later the gravitational interaction is born, this one gives rise to the appearance of gravitational events (redistribution of the energy density) defining the gravitational coordinate t₁ and the spatial coordinates x, y and z. During a certain time (measured on t₃) the universe lacked any other type of event, from the point of view of the history of the electromagnetic events (co-ordinated t₂) this period can be identified with the inflationary period proposed by Alan Guth. This period, measured on the cosmological coordinate, it could last 19,000 million years, the electric charges would not exist and during him they could be formed big accumulations of energy precursors of the current galaxies. When arriving to the appropriate size (to see epigraph 9), the arrow of the electromagnetic time arose (coordinated t₂) and with her the electric charges, the energy accumulations previous they became small Big-Bang. The shock waves to found with others generated the structures on great scale of galaxies that are observed now. from this point of view, the structure to great scale of the universe was formed at the same time that the galaxies that constitute it, fact that the last observations seem to confirm. The events in the scope of the elementary particles (interactions strong, weak and electromagnetic), like I have indicated before, arose later at the moment in which the charges were born of color, weak and electrical (to see epigraph 9), that is to say, at the moment at which it could restore arrows of the time in each scope (breaks of symmetries). The concept time in this case refers to the "function time", for the quarks inside the hadrons, our three-dimensional space is its three-dimensional time. The state of the later universe to the restoration of these arrows of the time is characterized by its stationary character. We were at the moment in one of these stationary states. This process is similar to that undergoes a proton and an electron when forming an atom.

This restoration of arrows of the time implies the definition of all the events, of all the cause-effect chains from the beginning until the end of all the histories. With the Big Bang all the possible Histories were created. This model makes compatible the Copenhagen Interpretation of the quantum mechanics with the transaccional interpretation of John Cramer and with that of multiple worlds of Everett-Wheeler. It also explains the nonlocality of the Universe.

Nevertheless, from our point of view like observers in the time t₂, the universe appears in expansion with a gravitational geometric brake. If we make the effort of imagining the aspect of the universe like observers in the time t₁, we would realize that in this new universe the aspect is in contraction with an electromagnetic geometric brake. Which is "the real" aspect of the universe. If we remembered epigraph 1, the 1/2 particles Planck mass, that serve as carriers of the interaction between universes, they enter with null total mechanical energy. This fact together to the intrinsic criticity that this model proposes for the energy density of the universe, supports the assumption of the steady state as the best description for our universe at the moment.

The cosmological proposal of the Living Universe model could summarize it in the following way: The Universe was born when arising a black hole in our Universe mother, this event you can identify with the Big Bang and it generated the cosmological coordinate t₃ and the spatial coordinates. It grew until reaching diverse stationary states of balance among the interaction with their Universe Mother and the interaction with their diverse son Universes (galaxies nuclei) ,these stationary states allow the appearance of electromagnetic and gravitational events and they generate the electromagnetic and gravitational temporary coordinates, in the first one it is observed to the universe in expansion, in the second one it is observed to the universe in contraction. At the moment we are in the last stationary state.

_{© Jorge Ales, 2002. http://www.livinguniverseweb.com}